Housing Costs
As far as possible, I took the baseline year as 2019 pre-pandemic disruption.
| Benchmark | Monthly Outgoings | Area | Date | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monthly median rent (2 bed) | £ 1,650 |
Lambeth | July 2019 | Shelter UK |
| London Living Rent (2 bed) | £ 1,138 |
Brixton Hill | 2019 | London DataStore |
| Housing Association Rent (2 bed) | £ 532 |
London | 2018 | GLA |
| Council Rent | £ 460 |
London | 2018 | GLA |
| Assumption | Buy 2019 | Buy 2005 | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flats and maisonettes (weighted geometric mean) | £ 445,834 |
£ 207,309 |
UK House Price Index |
| Deposit Required | 15% (£ 66,875) |
15% (£ 31,096 |
Assumption |
| Interest Rate at Purchase | 1.62% |
4.5% |
2 year fixed rate |
| Period of Mortgage at Purchase | 25 years |
25 years |
Typical period |
| Monthly outgoings | £ 1,537 |
£ 413 |
Calculated based on assuming 2005 house is remortgaged once in 2019 based on this formula |
Energy Consumption Baselines and Tariffs
High, medium and low consumption is based on OfGem’s Typical Domestic Consumption Values (TDCVs).
| Energy Source | Low (kWh per year) | Medium (kWh per year) | High (kWh per year) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gas | 8,000 |
12,000 |
17,000 |
| Electricity | 1,800 |
2,900 |
4,300 |
Domestic electricity prices in London in 2019 published by BEIS and domestic gas prices in London published by BEIS
| Energy Source | Pre-payment tariff (£/kWh) | Pre-payment annual standing charge | Direct Debit tariff (£/kWh) | Direct Debit annual standing charge |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gas | 0.0394 |
99.29 |
0.0384 |
90.44 |
| Electricity | 0.169 |
90.32 |
0.166 |
81.81 |
Retrofit Energy and Carbon Benchmarks
The benchmarking is based on Energy Use Intensity:
the units are kilowatt hours per square metre per year (kWh/m2 per year) which is the energy use divided by the total internal floor area of a house.
this is the indicator adopted by LETI
| Retrofit Level | Energy Use Intensity (at the meter) | EUI Gas | EUI Electricity | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 200 kWh/m2 |
165 kWh/m2 |
35 kWh/m2 |
Mean delivered energy use intensity for all London house types |
| Shallow Retrofit | 175 kWh/m2 |
140 kWh/m2 |
35 kWh/m2 |
Mean delivered energy use intensity for all London house types |
| Deep Retrofit | 50 kWh/m2 |
0 kWh/m2 |
50 kWh/m2 |
Social Housing Decarbonisation Fund Demonstrator Target |
| Retrofit to LETI new build target | 35 kWh/m2 |
0 kWh/m2 |
35 kWh/m2 |
LETI Climate Emergency Design Guide - look out for forthcoming targets for retrofit |
| Demolish and Rebuild to Current Building Regulations | 140 kWh/m2 |
105 kWh/m2 |
35 kWh/m2 |
LETI Climate Emergency Design Guide p44 - current Part L avereage |
| Retrofit Level | Operational Carbon | Upfront Embodied Carbon | End of Life (@1% of total) | Whole Life Carbon (60 years) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 32 kgCO2e/m2.year |
0 |
0 |
1,929 kgCO2e/m2 |
Assuming no retrofit |
| Shallow Retrofit | 28 kgCO2e/m2.year |
53 kgCO2e/m2 |
0 |
1,715 kgCO2e/m2 |
Assuming shallow retrofit is a change to internal finishes i.e. 20% (p20 LETI guide) of embodied energy baseline for domestic buildings of 800kgCO2/m2 (p54 of LETI guide) |
| Deep Retrofit | 2 kgCO2e/m2.year |
264 kgCO2e/m2 |
0 |
369 kgCO2e/m2 |
Assuming heat pump with COP of 2 and that deep retrofit is a change to facade, MEP and half internal finishes i.e. 32% (p20 LETI guide) of embodied energy baseline for domestic buildings of 800kgCO2/m2 (p54 of LETI guide) |
| Demolish and Rebuild to Current Building Regulations | 20 kgCO2e/m2.year |
800 kgCO2e/m2 |
20 |
369 kgCO2e/m2 |
Assuming embodied energy baseline for domestic buildings of 800kgCO2/m2 (p54 of LETI guide) |
Carbon dioxide emissions from using:
Grid electricity: 0.07 kgCO2/kWh (LETI’s suggested factor for the average content of the UK grid over the next 30 years)
Natural gas: 0.18 kgCO2/kWh (BEIS 2019 Government greenhouse gas conversion factors for company reporting)